Quick guide
How to use this calculator
- Enter the observations, probabilities, model parameters, or summary statistics requested by the visible labels.
- Keep every value on the same scale and confirm that the selected sampling relationship, distribution, and tail convention match the question you are investigating.
- Read the result together with its assumptions and interpretation. Statistical output summarizes uncertainty under a model; it does not repair biased data or establish causation.
Calculation method
How the modified z-score calculator works
Modified zᵢ = Φ⁻¹(0.75)(xᵢ−median)/MAD.
Scores beyond a threshold identify observations for investigation, not automatic deletion or proof of measurement error.
Worked example
Modified Z-Score example
A value far from the median can receive a large modified z-score even when an ordinary z-score is diluted by that same extreme value.
Modified zᵢ = Φ⁻¹(0.75)(xᵢ−median)/MAD.
Supported inputs
Precision and limits
Model and design
Modified scores are undefined when raw MAD is zero; the default absolute threshold is 3.5 and remains an editable screening convention.
Numerical scope
Inputs use double-precision numerical methods with guarded domains. Datasets accept up to 10,000 finite plain-decimal values. Extremely large parameters or probabilities deep in a numerical tail may require specialist statistical software.
Interpretation
Scores beyond a threshold identify observations for investigation, not automatic deletion or proof of measurement error.
Decision boundary
The calculator does not validate how data were collected, diagnose dependence or bias, choose a scientifically meaningful effect, or replace review by a qualified statistician for consequential research, medical, regulatory, safety, or policy decisions.
Privacy
Entered values and calculated results stay in this browser and are not sent to an analytics service.
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